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大型鍛件(jian)鍛造技術(shu)—寬(kuan)平砧(zhen)法
文章來源：sjzwx 更新時間(jian)：2014-01-11 09:23:51
判斷鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)好(hao)壞(huai)有(you)兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)基準，一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)坯(pi)(pi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)基準之(zhi)中(zhong)，等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)在(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排陣(zhen)中(zhong)rD=Y現偏集，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)Ifu是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)rA]合(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)隙及細化(hua)組織(zhi)有(you)著密(mi)切(qie)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)，而(er)(er)靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)則(ze)(ze)對(dui)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)隙壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)合(he)(he)(he)給(gei)(gei)予影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)本文中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)林Ill開(kai)創的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛塑性(xing)有(you)限(xian)要素(su)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)分(fen)析了(le)(le)(le)(le)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)在(zai)(zai)最基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)操作·—拔(ba)(ba)長時鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)動態，并力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)求做到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)化(hua)，根據得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)找(zhao)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。把得(de)(de)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)熱加(jia)工變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼證實了(le)(le)(le)(le)其效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)章(zhang)節將詳細介紹(shao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概要內(nei)(nei)容。2-1鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)相(xiang)對(dui)送(song)進(jin)愛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)拔(ba)(ba)長時，相(xiang)對(dui)送(song)進(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)W/H0和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)見圖(tu)1。心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)隨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)寬(kuan)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)而(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。單從(cong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)而(er)(er)言，等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)隨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)而(er)(er)直(zhi)線型(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，而(er)(er)相(xiang)對(dui)送(song)進(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，當W/H。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)0.8時，等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)率變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。圖(tu)2示(shi)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、相(xiang)對(dui)送(song)進(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)v,的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。如果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)窄則(ze)(ze)與(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)垂直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)oX為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拉(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)0水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，影(ying)響內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)隙鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)合(he)(he)(he)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。當W/Hr,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)。.8時，。二由(you)(you)拉(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。從(cong)以_f.:分(fen)析認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)足夠寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)子(zi)，相(xiang)對(dui)送(song)進(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)。.8時，就能得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)被(bei)(bei)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)壞(huai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。2-2毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)和(he)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)型(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)鑲(xiang)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)和(he)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)型(xing)(xing)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)影(ying)響鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。關(guan)于(yu)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)以表1示(shi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A,B,C，及D。二”“、E，二120“不(bu)同類型(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，按平(ping)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)示(shi)在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)3上(shang)(shang)(shang)。分(fen)析結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)表明(ming)(ming)，在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)比較(jiao)靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，財D.,=90c型(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最高(gao)，其次為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Elo二i2O'型(xing)(xing)，A,B,C三種大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)致(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)等(deng)(deng)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最低。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)引(yin)人(ren)注目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題:A型(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)I00o的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)初(chu)期，砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)被(bei)(bei)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)接觸面(mian)(mian)積(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)壞(huai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拉(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。這意味著，在(zai)(zai)A型(xing)(xing)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，給(gei)(gei)予輕壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時，0部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)隙擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，將有(you)不(bu)利結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)型(xing)(xing)A,B,C三種條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)急劇(ju)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)s而(er)(er)v型(xing)(xing)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)即使(shi)(shi)施(shi)加(jia)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)F力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，這一(yi)(yi)(yi)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)v型(xing)(xing)角度(du)(du)有(you)關(guan)，角度(du)(du)越小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)就越嚴重，即與(yu)(yu)(yu)a-]20“相(xiang)比，6=90'更為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)顯著。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0=900V型(xing)(xing)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)時，在(zai)(zai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)“揉壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。表2列出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)各種鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)與(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所需(xu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)對(dui)照(zhao)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)2070mm2變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抗力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)」0kg/'mm2,壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2000,送(song)進(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1000mm條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)所需(xu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。令C型(xing)(xing)所需(xu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)2一(yi)(yi)(yi)3寬(kuan)平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)被(bei)(bei)浩大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)徑(jing)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)促進(jin)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)隙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮，增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)接近(jin)(jin)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)伏態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ETR應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)爵水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)’2’。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)直(zhi)徑(jing)徽面(mian)(mian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)if.t，首先(xian)考(kao)慮采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)造(zao)成接近(jin)(jin)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)(zai)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)最初(chu)階段使(shi)(shi)空(kong)隙開(kai)始有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)合(he)(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)策。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)寬(kuan)平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，使(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)延伸受阻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段。從(cong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)考(kao)慮，此(ci)(ci)(ci)時相(xiang)對(dui)送(song)進(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)W1H。取0.8為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，在(zai)(zai)接近(jin)(jin)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)狀(zhuang)態應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)僅利于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)合(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)隙，還(huan)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)收縮率下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)達到(dao)(dao)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，對(dui)于(yu)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)直(zhi)徑(jing)接近(jin)(jin)鋼鍵直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)有(you)良好(hao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。’這一(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)(jie)論還(huan)說明(ming)(ming)，可以省掉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保證鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比而(er)(er)進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩(nen)粗(cu)工序(xu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)隙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)合(he)(he)(he)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，以靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)乘積(ji)表示(shi)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”’，所需(xu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)還(huan)具有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)致(zhi)(zhi)I對(dui)1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。從(cong)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)考(kao)慮，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)噸位不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)拔(ba)(ba)長大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)時，突出(chu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)集中(zhong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)型(xing)(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)—平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。關(guan)于(yu)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。從(cong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)考(kao)慮則(ze)(ze)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最佳，但為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)阻力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)八方(fang)(fang)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)，鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)打效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)也無大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)差別。而(er)(er)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)時，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)產(chan)生靜(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)拉(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，不(bu)宜采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。2-4實際(ji)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)寬(kuan)平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)實際(ji)制品(pin)以前(qian)，先(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)邊尺寸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)380mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八方(fang)(fang)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)考(kao)察(cha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)寬(kuan)平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑲(xiang)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)試驗(yan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)坯(pi)(pi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)」Smni中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)，孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端(duan)焊接封閉。試驗(yan)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)表明(ming)(ming)，寬(kuan)平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(W/H -0.8)分(fen)別以20%和(he)30%壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)面(mian)(mian)和(he)兩個(ge)面(mian)(mian)時，完(wan)全鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)合(he)(he)(he)了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，兩個(ge)面(mian)(mian)都(dou)(dou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)20%條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，軸(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)延伸率僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)],21。顯然，寬(kuan)平(ping)磚法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)截(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也有(you)充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。由(you)(you)試驗(yan)證實了(le)(le)(le)(le)寬(kuan)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)，便把此(ci)(ci)(ci)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)初(chu)加(jia)工重33噸、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2423mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)蘭0鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)。檢查結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)孔(kong)壁沒有(you)發現任何缺陷(xian)。由(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，寬(kuan)平(ping)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)制品(pin)制造(zao)中(zhong)證實了(le)(le)(le)(le)其效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
