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鍛(duan)件力學性能與顯微(wei)組(zu)織
文章來源:sjzwx 更新時間:2014-01-02 09:32:28
力學(xue)性(xing)能與顯(xian)微(wei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)向鍛(duan)造后(hou),材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)得到(dao)顯(xian)著(zhu)細(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua),力學(xue)性(xing)能得到(dao)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)(表(biao)1).圖(tu)(tu)(tu)6為試樣硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與平均(jun)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)尺一(yi)(yi)寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi).從圖(tu)(tu)(tu)看出(chu)(chu),硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值隨(sui)(sui)品(pin)(pin)(pin)拉(la)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減小(xiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)增(zeng)大(da),但在(zai)不同(tong)區(qu)域增(zeng)幅(fu)差(cha)別較(jiao)(jiao)大(da).當平均(jun)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)尺寸(cun)大(da)于(yu)(yu)1.851n時(shi),硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值隨(sui)(sui)晶(jing)(jing)杖尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減小(xiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)迅速增(zeng)大(da);而(er)(er)(er)(er)平均(jun)晶(jing)(jing)粒(li)尺寸(cun)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)1.851n后(hou),硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值緩(huan)慢增(zeng)加(jia).前(qian)者(zhe)符合HB=59.53+0.0337d-1/2,后(hou)者(zhe)滿足(zu)HB=82-04+0.0035d-1/2關(guan)(guan)系(xi).這可能與材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)勻(yun)化(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)關(guan)(guan).圖(tu)(tu)(tu)7給出(chu)(chu)了變(bian)(bian)形(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)平均(jun)尺寸(cun)Day和動(dong)(dong)態再(zai)結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)平均(jun)尺寸(cun)D+:與變(bian)(bian)形(xing)w積總(zong)(zong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)E之間(jian)(jian)關(guan)(guan)系(xi).隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)‘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia),Dav快速減小(xiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)D,。二菇本(ben)保持不變(bian)(bian).在(zai)前(qian)4道(dao)(dao)次變(bian)(bian)形(xing)前(qian),由于(yu)(yu)‘相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)低,導致應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)誘(you)發品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)細(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不高(gao)(gao),Da,和Dr,值差(cha)異較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),顯(xian)微(wei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)為變(bian)(bian)形(xing)大(da)品(pin)(pin)(pin)拉(la)與動(dong)(dong)態再(zai)結(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)小(xiao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)共(gong)存(圖(tu)(tu)(tu)3a),組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)勻(yun)化(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不高(gao)(gao).繼續增(zeng)加(jia)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)道(dao)(dao)次和應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)總(zong)(zong)量,Da,和Drex道(dao)(dao)彼此接近,材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(圖(tu)(tu)(tu)3b).這表(biao)明(ming)在(zai)本(ben)實(shi)驗條件下(xia),材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)細(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程存在(zai)一(yi)(yi)臨界(jie)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)址‘。,其誼在(zai)2-2.4之間(jian)(jian).當實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)量:二小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)臨界(jie)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)址e。時(shi),材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)不均(jun)勻(yun),存有(you)未消除的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li).實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)量超過(guo)(guo)(guo)臨界(jie)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)量Ee后(hou).材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)基本(ben)為動(dong)(dong)態再(zai)結(jie)(jie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)細(xi)(xi)(xi).0In組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),此后(hou)繼續增(zeng)加(jia)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)道(dao)(dao)次和應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)量,品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)尺寸(cun)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)不明(ming)顯(xian),進一(yi)(yi)步細(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)將變(bian)(bian)得困難.Perez-Prado等(deng)人(ren)123在(zai)對(dui)AZ31和AZ91鎂(mei)合金舉積疊(die)軋研究中(zhong)(zhong)得到(dao)相似結(jie)(jie)論(lun),即當組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)以(yi)后(hou),繼續變(bian)(bian)形(xing)將很難取得明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)拉(la)細(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)效果.多(duo)向鍛(duan)造前(qian)、后(hou)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)溫拉(la)伸(shen)斷(duan)(duan)口SENI照片如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)8所示(shi).鑄態試樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)口為準解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)加(jia)少部(bu)分剪切斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie).如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)8a所示(shi),試樣斷(duan)(duan)口存在(zai)許多(duo)相互平行、位于(yu)(yu)不同(tong)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)面(mian)(mian).在(zai)不同(tong)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平行解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)之間(jian)(jian)存在(zai)解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)臺階.這是由于(yu)(yu)在(zai)外(wai)力作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)局(ju)部(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),當應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力作(zuo)用(yong)方向有(you)利于(yu)(yu)沿一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)時(shi),就會發生局(ju)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie).解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)裂(lie)紋(wen)可以(yi)穿(chuan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)沿二次解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)擴展(zhan)成(cheng)穿(chuan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)螺旋位錯,形(xing)成(cheng)解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)臺階,對(dui)外(wai)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)表(biao)現(xian)為沿晶(jing)(jing)脆(cui)性(xing)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)I叫.經過(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)向鍛(duan)造工藝(yi)后(hou),由于(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粒(li)得到(dao)細(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua),鍛(duan)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)理(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)被許多(duo)細(xi)(xi)(xi)小(xiao)韌(ren)窩(wo)取代.與鑄態試樣相比,鍛(duan)后(hou)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延性(xing)得到(dao)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao).同(tong)時(shi)觀察發現(xian),隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)累(lei)積應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)總(zong)(zong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia),細(xi)(xi)(xi)小(xiao)韌(ren)窩(wo)不僅在(zai)數量上有(you)所增(zeng)加(jia).而(er)(er)(er)(er)且分布(bu)也(ye)更加(jia)均(jun)勻(yun),材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)延性(xing)增(zeng)大(da).